1. Umgaqo kunye neempawu zobuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla
Isixhobo sogcino lwamandla senziwe ngamacandelo ogcino lwamandla kunye nesixhobo sokufikelela kwigridi yamandla esenziwe zizixhobo zombane zombane ziba ngamacandelo amabini amakhulu enkqubo yokugcina amandla.Isixhobo sokugcina amandla sibalulekile ukuqonda ukugcinwa kwamandla, ukukhulula okanye ukutshintshiselana kwamandla okukhawulezayo.Isixhobo sokufikelela kwigridi yamandla siqonda iindlela ezimbini zokudluliselwa kwamandla kunye nokuguqulwa phakathi kwesixhobo sokugcina amandla kunye negridi yamandla, kwaye iqonda imisebenzi yokulawula i-peak yamandla, ukulungiswa kwamandla, ukuthembeka kokunikezelwa kwamandla kunye nokuzinza kwenkqubo yamandla.
Inkqubo yokugcina amandla inoluhlu olubanzi lwamandla, ukusuka kumashumi e-kilowatts ukuya kumakhulu e-megawatts;Ixesha lokukhutshwa likhulu, ukusuka kwi-millisecond ukuya kwiyure;Uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo, kulo lonke ukuveliswa kwamandla, ukuhanjiswa, ukuhanjiswa, inkqubo yombane;Uphando kunye nokusetyenziswa kweteknoloji yogcino lwamandla amakhulu isaqala, esisihloko esitsha kraca kunye necandelo lophando elishushu ekhaya naphesheya.
2. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokugcina amandla
Okwangoku, itekhnoloji ebalulekileyo yokugcina amandla ibandakanya ukugcinwa kwamandla ngokomzimba (njengokugcinwa kwamandla okumpontshwa, ukugcinwa kwamandla omoya ocinezelweyo, ukugcinwa kwamandla e-flywheel, njl. njl.), ukugcinwa kwamandla ekhemikhali (njengazo zonke iintlobo zeebhetri, iibhetri zamandla avuselelekayo, ukuhamba kwamanzi. iibhetri, ii-supercapacitors, njl.
I-1) Eyona nto ikhulile kwaye isetyenziswe ngokubanzi ukugcinwa kwamandla omzimba kukugcinwa kwempompo, okubalulekileyo ekulawuleni i-peak, ukuzaliswa kweenkozo, ukuguqulwa kwamaxesha amaninzi, ukulawulwa kwesigaba kunye nokugcinwa kwexesha likaxakeka kwenkqubo yamandla.Ixesha lokukhululwa lokugcinwa kompompo linokusuka kwiiyure ezimbalwa ukuya kwiintsuku ezimbalwa, kwaye ukusebenza kwayo kokuguqulwa kwamandla kuluhlu lwe-70% ukuya kwi-85%.Ixesha lolwakhiwo lwesikhululo samandla esimponthiweyo lide kwaye lilinganiselwe ngokweendawo.Xa isikhululo samandla sikude nendawo yokusetyenziswa kwamandla, ilahleko yothumelo inkulu.Ugcino lwamandla omoya olucinezelweyo lusetyenziswe kwasekuqaleni ngo-1978, kodwa aluzange lukhuthazwe ngokubanzi ngenxa yokuthintelwa komhlaba kunye neemeko zejoloji.Ugcino lwamandla eFlywheel lusebenzisa imotor ukuqhuba i-flywheel ukujikeleza ngesantya esiphezulu, esiguqula amandla ombane abe ngamandla oomatshini kwaye ayigcine.Xa kuyimfuneko, i-flywheel iqhuba ijenereyitha ukuvelisa umbane.Ukugcinwa kwamandla e-Flywheel kubonakaliswe kubomi obude, akukho ngcoliseko, ukugcinwa okuncinci, kodwa ukuxinwa kwamandla aphantsi, anokusetyenziswa njengesongezelelo kwinkqubo yebhetri.
2) Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zokugcina amandla ekhemikhali, kunye namanqanaba ahlukeneyo ophuhliso lwetekhnoloji kunye nethemba lokusetyenziswa:
(1) Ukugcinwa kwamandla ebhetri yeyona teknoloji ikhulileyo nethembekileyo yokugcina amandla okwangoku.Ngokwezinto ezahlukeneyo zeekhemikhali ezisetyenzisiweyo, zinokwahlulwa zibe yibhetri ye-lead-acid, ibhetri ye-nickel-cadmium, ibhetri ye-nickel-metal hydride, ibhetri ye-lithium-ion, ibhetri yesulfure yesodium, njl. zenziwe zibe yinkqubo yokugcina ubuninzi, kunye neendleko zeyunithi yamandla kunye neendleko zenkqubo ziphantsi, zikhuselekile kwaye zithembeke kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kulungile ukulinda uphawu, okwangoku yeyona nkqubo isebenzayo yokugcina amandla, ibe kumandla amancinci omoya, iinkqubo zokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic. , kunye nokuncinci kunye nokuphakathi kwinkqubo yokusabalalisa isizukulwana sisetyenziswa ngokubanzi, kodwa ngenxa yokuba i-lead ikukungcoliseka kwesinyithi esinzima, iibhetri ze-Lead-acid azikho ikamva.Iibhetri eziphezulu ezifana ne-lithium-ion, i-sodium-sulfur kunye neebhetri ze-nickel-metal hydride zineendleko eziphezulu, kwaye iteknoloji yokugcina amandla amakhulu ayikavuthwa.Ukusebenza kweemveliso akukwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokugcina amandla okwangoku, kwaye uqoqosho alukwazi ukuthengiswa.
(2) Ibhetri yamandla amakhulu ahlaziyekayo anotyalo-mali oluphezulu, ixabiso eliphezulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokuguqulwa komjikelo ophantsi, ngoko ke ayifanelekanga ukusetyenziswa njengenkqubo yokugcina amandla orhwebo okwangoku.
(3) Ibhetri yogcino lwamandla olwelo ineengenelo zoguqulo lwamandla aphezulu, ukusebenza okuphantsi kunye neendleko zokuyigcina, kwaye yenye yobuchwephesha bokugcinwa kwamandla kunye nokulawulwa kombane osebenzayo kunye nobukhulu obukhulu obudityaniswe negridi.Itekhnoloji yokugcinwa kwamandla okuhamba kolwelo isetyenzisiwe kumazwe anjenge-USA, iJamani, iJapan kunye ne-UK, kodwa isekwinqanaba lophando kunye nophuhliso e-China.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-17-2022
